2 Samuel 15:23

Authorized King James Version

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And all the country wept with a loud voice, and all the people passed over: the king also himself passed over the brook Kidron, and all the people passed over, toward the way of the wilderness.

Original Language Analysis

וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 1 of 20
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הָאָ֗רֶץ And all the country H776
הָאָ֗רֶץ And all the country
Strong's: H776
Word #: 2 of 20
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
בּוֹכִים֙ wept H1058
בּוֹכִים֙ wept
Strong's: H1058
Word #: 3 of 20
to weep; generally to bemoan
ק֣וֹל voice H6963
ק֣וֹל voice
Strong's: H6963
Word #: 4 of 20
a voice or sound
גָּד֔וֹל with a loud H1419
גָּד֔וֹל with a loud
Strong's: H1419
Word #: 5 of 20
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 6 of 20
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הָעָם֙ and all the people H5971
הָעָם֙ and all the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 7 of 20
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
עֹֽבְרִ֔ים also himself passed over H5674
עֹֽבְרִ֔ים also himself passed over
Strong's: H5674
Word #: 8 of 20
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
וְהַמֶּ֗לֶךְ the king H4428
וְהַמֶּ֗לֶךְ the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 9 of 20
a king
עֹֽבְרִ֔ים also himself passed over H5674
עֹֽבְרִ֔ים also himself passed over
Strong's: H5674
Word #: 10 of 20
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
בְּנַ֣חַל the brook H5158
בְּנַ֣חַל the brook
Strong's: H5158
Word #: 11 of 20
a stream, especially a winter torrent; (by implication) a (narrow) valley (in which a brook runs); also a shaft (of a mine)
קִדְר֔וֹן Kidron H6939
קִדְר֔וֹן Kidron
Strong's: H6939
Word #: 12 of 20
kidron, a brook near jerusalem
וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 13 of 20
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הָעָם֙ and all the people H5971
הָעָם֙ and all the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 14 of 20
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
עֹֽבְרִ֔ים also himself passed over H5674
עֹֽבְרִ֔ים also himself passed over
Strong's: H5674
Word #: 15 of 20
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 16 of 20
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
פְּנֵי toward H6440
פְּנֵי toward
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 17 of 20
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
דֶ֖רֶךְ the way H1870
דֶ֖רֶךְ the way
Strong's: H1870
Word #: 18 of 20
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 19 of 20
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃ of the wilderness H4057
הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃ of the wilderness
Strong's: H4057
Word #: 20 of 20
a pasture (i.e., open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert

Analysis & Commentary

And all the country wept with a loud voice, and all the people passed over: the king also himself passed over the brook Kidron, and all the people passed over, toward the way of the wilderness.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Absalom's Rebellion, emphasizing betrayal, trusting God in exile. Absalom's conspiracy demonstrates calculating betrayal and political manipulation. David's flight from Jerusalem parallels later exile experiences, developing themes of trusting God during devastating reversals. The Hebrew emphasizes Absalom's patient, methodical undermining of David's authority. Cross-references to Psalms written during this period (Psalms 3, 63) reveal David's spiritual responses to political catastrophe.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 15 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding betrayal, trusting God in exile provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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